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Crop Matrix Tool

Use this tool to find out about characteristics; such as soil pH, cultivation methods, pests and post harvest treatment; for a specific crop. To load a crop's characteristics choose a crop from the drop-down menu. To see a list of all possible crops grouped by category click on the “Show List of All Available Crops” link next to the drop-down menu.

OR Show List of All Available Crops

White oak

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General
Common NameWhite oak
Latin NameQuercus alba
CategoryNuts 
FamilyOak 
Variety 
Visual Traits
Floweryellow-green and red, monoecious, early spring to late May, at or shortly after leaves unfold
No Citation Available
Foliage/Fall leaf colorburgundy, persist until Jan
No Citation Available
Fruit / Nutripen Sep-Oct, turn from green to brown; mature 120days after pollination and drop 25 days later
No Citation Available
Height50-80 (100) ft
No Citation Available
Other valued traitslumber
No Citation Available
Spread75-100ft
No Citation Available
Cultivation
Field spacing / planting depthdirect seed 8-10" apart or broadcast and covered with firm layer 1/4"
No Citation Available
Pollinationpollen shed to 3days after flowering; best fruit set f weather is dry for 10days during flower period, esp if follwed by cool period
No Citation Available
Propagation methodSeed, B+B, Bare Root, low stump spouts, seedling sprouts
No Citation Available
Pruningnatural pruning usually sufficient, epicormic branching possible with heavy release
No Citation Available
Seed harvestripen Sep-Oct, turn from green to brown; mature 120days after pollination and drop 25 days later
No Citation Available
Seed treatment and storageseed moisture contenct must not fall below 30-50%, no treatement necessary
No Citation Available
Seedling treatmentrequire 35% canopy light penetration to persist
No Citation Available
Sowing seedgerminate upon drop Sep-Oct; root growth continues until cold weather interruption, optimum temperature 50-60?F, loose soil or humus
No Citation Available
Transplantspring; not after first year; ball and burlap
No Citation Available
Watering guidelinesmoisture not critical at time of germination
No Citation Available
Critters
Insect and invertebrate pestsmany insect pests, problematic at epidemic levels; wood borers
No Citation Available
Pathogensoak wilt (Ceratocystis fagacearum) destructive, heartrot from fire damage; many disease agents, few threatening
No Citation Available
Wildlife Pestsdeer
No Citation Available
Soils
Compaction (tolerance)extremely sensitive to compaction and grade change
No Citation Available
Fertility / qualitywide range
No Citation Available
Mineralslimiting only on dry, sandy sites
No Citation Available
Moisture and drainageprefers moist, tolerates dry, flood intolerant
No Citation Available
pH5.5-6.5
No Citation Available
Salt tolerancemoderately tolerant
No Citation Available
Soils and topographywide range of slopes and aspects, excepting dry or shallow uplands, or poorly drained bottomlands; seldom found above 500ft in northern part of range
No Citation Available
Texturewide range; prefers coarse and deep, but natural stands occur on clays and loams
No Citation Available
Growth Pattern
Good seed crop interval (fruit load)4-10y, variation among and within stands
No Citation Available
Growth rateslow
No Citation Available
Longevitylong
No Citation Available
Root habitdeep taproot and developing more fibrous lateral roots during growth, root grafts common
No Citation Available
Seed-bearing age /max production(20) 50y / 200y
No Citation Available
Habitat and Climate
Fire toleranceintolerant
No Citation Available
Frost-free days (FFD)5-9mos
No Citation Available
Hardiness Zone3b-9
No Citation Available
Native RangeEastern United States
No Citation Available
Rainfall / humiditywide variety of tolerance across range; average 40" in optimum range
No Citation Available
Wind / ice / frost susceptibilitymoderately resistant to ice breakage
No Citation Available
Light
Light recommendationfull sun
No Citation Available
Shade tolerancemoderately shade tolerant, becoming less tolerant with age; responds well to release
No Citation Available
Vegetation Associations
Competitive abilitycompetitive, persistent; climax tree
No Citation Available
Indicator species and associated forestmixed hardwood, especially oak-hickory upland
No Citation Available
  
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