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Crop Matrix Tool

Use this tool to find out about characteristics; such as soil pH, cultivation methods, pests and post harvest treatment; for a specific crop. To load a crop's characteristics choose a crop from the drop-down menu. To see a list of all possible crops grouped by category click on the “Show List of All Available Crops” link next to the drop-down menu.

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Black Walnut

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General
Common NameBlack Walnut
Latin NameJuglans nigra
CategoryNuts 
FamilyWalnut 
Variety 
Visual Traits
Floweryellow-green, monoecious, late May-early June at leaf-out
No Citation Available
Foliage/Fall leaf colorgolden yellow, early to mid-September
No Citation Available
Fruit / Nutfruit ripens Sep-Oct; persistent through leaf fall
No Citation Available
Height75-100ft
No Citation Available
Other valued traitsfine furniture
No Citation Available
Spread75-100ft
No Citation Available
Cultivation
Cultivation and Mulchingrequires weed management 2-3y
No Citation Available
Field spacing / planting depth50x50ft spacing optimal for nut production
No Citation Available
Graftinginlay graft
No Citation Available
Pollinationflowers of both sexes do not usually mature simultaneously on single tree; may set self-fertilzed seeds
No Citation Available
Propagation methodseed, grafting and budding, container
No Citation Available
Pruningprune lateral branches, early spring; sprouts after disturbance; some bole sprouting in response to release; nut v. timber production objectives define different tree forms and pruning practice
No Citation Available
Seed treatment and storagecold stratification 90-120days
No Citation Available
Seedling treatmentseedlings smaller than 3/16in caliper (at 1
No Citation Available
Sowing seedgerminates early spring during first or second season
No Citation Available
Transplantmachine or hand
No Citation Available
Critters
Insect and invertebrate pestswalnut caterpillar (Datana integerrima), fall webworm (Hyphantria cunea), ambrosia beetle (Xylosandrus germanus), flatheaded apple tree borer (Chrysobothris femorata), walnut curculio (Conotrachelus retentus), walnut shoot moth (Acrobasis demotella)
No Citation Available
Pathogensfungi: (Phytophthora citricola) and (Cylindrocladium spp.), walnut anthracnose (Gnomonia leptostyla), (Cristulariella pryamidalis), (Mycosphaerella juglandis), and (Nectria gallegena)
No Citation Available
Toxicityjuglone concentrated in roots and nut husks inhibits associated vegetation
No Citation Available
Soils
Compaction (tolerance)intermediate
No Citation Available
Fertility / qualityrich, fertile
No Citation Available
Mineralsassociated with limestone
No Citation Available
Moisture and drainagedeep, moist, well-drained; suppressed on dry ridge sites; moderately flood tolerant
No Citation Available
pH4.6-8.2
No Citation Available
Salt toleranceintolerant
No Citation Available
Soils and topographycoves, well-drained bottomlands; alluvial soils
No Citation Available
Textureprefers sandy loam to silty loams, silty clay loams
No Citation Available
Growth Pattern
Good seed crop interval (fruit load)twice in 5y; flowering habit may be strongly influenced through cultural practices like pruning, irrigation, and pest control
No Citation Available
Growth ratefast, surpasses oaks
No Citation Available
Longevitylong
No Citation Available
Root habittaproot or strong lateral roots, depending on soil
No Citation Available
Seed-bearing age /max production10y / 30y
No Citation Available
Habitat and Climate
Exposureperforms best on lower north or east-facing slopes
No Citation Available
Fire tolerancereadily sprouts following disturbance
No Citation Available
Frost-free days (FFD)170
No Citation Available
Growing degree days (GDD)140-280
No Citation Available
Hardiness ZoneZones 4-9
No Citation Available
Native RangeCentral and Eastern United States, Southeastern Canada
No Citation Available
Rainfall / humidity35in
No Citation Available
Wind / ice / frost susceptibilitysusceptible to early fall and late spring frosts
No Citation Available
Light
Light recommendationfull sun, woodland edges
No Citation Available
Shade toleranceintolerant, esp at pole stage
No Citation Available
Vegetation Associations
Competitive abilitymust be dominant or codominant; allelopathic; responds well to release of at least 3/4 of crown
No Citation Available
Indicator species and associated forestmixed mesophytic
No Citation Available
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