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Crop Matrix Tool

Use this tool to find out about characteristics; such as soil pH, cultivation methods, pests and post harvest treatment; for a specific crop. To load a crop's characteristics choose a crop from the drop-down menu. To see a list of all possible crops grouped by category click on the “Show List of All Available Crops” link next to the drop-down menu.

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Shellbark

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General
Common NameShellbark
Latin NameCarya laciniosa
CategoryNuts 
FamilyHickory 
VarietyFayette, Henry, CES 24 
Visual Traits
Floweryellow, monoecious, April-June, wind pollinated
No Citation Available
Foliage/Fall leaf colorGreen
No Citation Available
Fruit / Nutfruit ripens Sep-Nov; largest of hickories, flat, cream colored, sweet, thick shell, difficult to extract
No Citation Available
Height60-80'
No Citation Available
Other valued traitstool handles, furniture, cabinets, vaneer, fuelwood
No Citation Available
Spreadoblong, slender
No Citation Available
Cultivation
Graftingmore difficult to graft and bud than many fruit sp.
No Citation Available
Pollinationmany varieties may be self-incompatible, plant several to assure pollination
No Citation Available
Propagation methodGrafts, seedlings used as rootstock
No Citation Available
Pruningonly prune to establish height of lower limbs and prevent weak crotches; coppicing, persistant sprouts following disturbance
No Citation Available
Retail SourceGrimo's Nut Nursery, John Gordon's Nut Nursery
No Citation Available
Seed harvestSep-Nov (Dec)
No Citation Available
Seed treatment and storageCold stratification 90-120days
No Citation Available
Seedling treatmentrapid taproot development relative to slow shoot development
No Citation Available
Sowing seedrequires moist soil for germination and establishment; germinate late April to early June; best sown in cold frame for natural stratification; 1-2seeds deep, thin to best seedling
No Citation Available
Transplantdifficult; transplant to permanent location first summer
No Citation Available
Critters
Insect and invertebrate pestsmany pests, none threatening
No Citation Available
Pathogensfree of serious disease, host to many fungi
No Citation Available
Wildlife PestsDeer, squirrel
No Citation Available
Soils
Fertility / qualitydeep, fertile
No Citation Available
Moisture and drainagecommon to floodplains and bottomlands/tolerates seasonal flooding
No Citation Available
pH6.4-7.4, neutral or slightly alkaline soils
No Citation Available
Soils and topographymoist bottom lands; occasionally dry and sandy soils in northern part of range
No Citation Available
Textureheavy loams to silt loams, no heavy clay, tolerates dry sands in northern range
No Citation Available
Growth Pattern
Good seed crop interval (fruit load)every 2 years
No Citation Available
Growth ratevery slow
No Citation Available
Longevitylong
No Citation Available
Root habitlong taproot, horizontal secondary roots perpendicular to taproot
No Citation Available
Seed-bearing age /max production40y/75-200y; grafted trees may set nuts within 10y
No Citation Available
Habitat and Climate
Fire tolerancemoderately tolerant; susceptible to bole injury; stump sprouts readily
No Citation Available
Frost-free days (FFD)150-210
No Citation Available
Growing degree days (GDD)2250
No Citation Available
Hardiness Zone4-8 (6) (to zone 4: http://www.hickorytech.net/~enviros/dongordon0303.html)
No Citation Available
Native Rangehttp://extension-horticulture.tamu.edu/carya/species/laciniosa/laciniosa.htm
No Citation Available
Rainfall / humidity30-58in
No Citation Available
Wind / ice / frost susceptibilityresistant to snow and ice; suscpetible to frost damage
No Citation Available
Light
Light recommendationpartial shade; responds well to release, but heavy release may cause epicormic branching
No Citation Available
Shade tolerancevery tolerant
No Citation Available
Vegetation Associations
Competitive abilitystrong competitor, although growth is slow in very deep shade
No Citation Available
Indicator species and associated forestmixed hardwood; Bur Oak Forest, Swamp Chestnut Oak­Cherrybark Oak forests (South)
No Citation Available
Special Notes
Note 1Species key: http://extension-horticulture.tamu.edu/carya/species/idspecsp.htm
No Citation Available
Note 2hybridizes with Pecan (C. illinoensis) and Shagbark (C. ovata)
No Citation Available
  
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